The motion, tabled by the opposition Republican Peoples Party (CHP), claimed Erdogan had sanctioned the use of force against protestors seeking to stage a mass rally in Istanbuls Taksim Square on May 1, despite the rally being banned by authorities.
Police used tear gas and water cannon mounted on armoured vehicles to disperse the crowds trying to march on Taksim.
Dozens of people were injured in the clashes between police and demonstrators, with more than 500 taken into custody.